The Circuit Court for Baltimore County is located in the County Courts Building, near central Towson, and is sometimes referred to as the "New Courthouse." The old courthouse now houses the county executive and county council.

Seventeen judges, appointed by the Governor, sit on the court and serve for 15-year terms, following a competitive election. It is the only court in the county with the authority to conduct jury trials. In 2007, the court reported 32,321 total filings, including 9,874 domestic cases, 9,756 civil suits, 4,566 juvenile matters, and 8,125 criminal filings.